The impact of European Union austerity policy on women's work in Southern Europe

Contrary to consolidated economic theory principles, in Europe (but also in other world regions), austerity policy has been implemented instead of stimulus measures which have proven to be successful in crisis associated with credit crunch and insufficient demand. These policies cannot be only considered as an "austericide" due to ideological blindness. They also need to be considered as a strategy for imposing an economic and social reform which proved too difficult to be implemented in the years previous to the great recession. The ongoing fiscal contraction policies include the typical adjustment measures which are now driving the European economy towards a new type of insertion within the international economy. And as a consequence, they imply deep changes on the gender division of work deepening gender inequality. This article analyses the different effects of European Union austerity policy on women and men’s participation in the labour markets in two Southern European countries beaten by the Debt crisis: Spain and Italy. During the first part of this economics crisis, unemployment grew higher for men than for women, but in the second phase with the all sectors hit by the recession and the implementation of harsh austerity policies affecting public-sector jobs, women are also losing their jobs at the same rate than men. We have estimated labour supply models for individuals aged 25 to 54 living in couples with or without children by gender by using the EU-SILC 2011 micro data for Spain and Italy. The analysis carried out shows a strong countercyclical added-worker effect for women in response to transitory shocks in partner’s earnings, in contrast with a procyclical discouraged-worker effect for men. However though the added-worker effect prevails for women in Spain, in Italy still the discouraged worker effect dominates. The results show also a positive effect of the provision of childcare services on women’s labour supply. A cut in social and care services due to austerity promotion may turn the tendency to a decline in women’s participation and employment rates in the labour force with the subsequent loss of total well-being, due to gender differences in education performance, and especially of women’s well-being

Estudio del comportamiento mecánico y frente a corrosión de armaduras pasivas de acero revestidas con resina epoxi

La Instrucción EHE-08 prevé una vida útil para las estructuras de hormigón armado habituales de 50 ó 100 años. En ambientes en los que el hormigón esté expuesto a la acción de cloruros el recubrimiento de la armadura necesario resulta excesivo, por lo que se recomienda el empleo de medidas especiales de protección de la armadura frente a corrosión. Una medida eficaz es el revestimiento de la armadura con resina epoxi. Esta solución plantea dos dudas: 1) la eficacia real de la protección frente a la corrosión, y 2) la posible alteración de la adherencia acero-hormigón. Este artículo presenta los resultados de los ensayos de corrosión acelerada y arrancamiento de barras (?pull-out?) de estas barras y los compara con los obtenidos con barras iguales no revestidas. Se han ensayado barras de diámetros 8, 16 y 25 mm. Además, en los ensayos de corrosión acelerada, se ha estudiado la influencia de los defectos en la capa de resina epoxi, producidos por golpes en la superficie, así como la eficacia de la posible reparación en obra. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la gran eficacia de este tipo de protección frente a los ensayos de corrosión acelerada y la prácticamente nula influencia que tiene la capa de resina epoxi en los resultados de los ensayos de arrancamien

Analytic saddle spheres in S3 are equatorial

A theorem by Almgren establishes that any minimal 2-sphere immersed in is a totally geodesic equator. In this paper we give a purely geometric extension of Almgren’s result, by showing that any immersed, real analytic 2-sphere in that is saddle, i.e., of non-positive extrinsic curvature, must be an equator of . We remark that, contrary to Almgren’s theorem, no geometric PDE is imposed on the surface. The result is not true for spheres.Projects PID2020-118137GB-I00CEX2020-001105-MMCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033Junta de Andalucia grant no. P18-FR-4049CARMPrograma Regional de Fomento de la Investigación, Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia, reference 21937/PI/22Projects 2020/03431-62021/10181-9, funded by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP

Complete surfaces of constant anisotropic mean curvature

This research has been financially supported by: Projects PID2020-118137GB-I00 and CEX2020- 001105-M, funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033; CARM, Programa Regional de Fomento de la Investigación, Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia, reference 21937/PI/22; and Project 88881.133043/2016-01, funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES).We study the geometry of complete immersed surfaces in R3 with constant anisotropic mean curvature (CAMC). Assuming that the anisotropic functional is uniformly elliptic, we prove that: (1) planes and CAMC cylinders are the only complete surfaces with CAMC whose Gauss map image is contained in a closed hemisphere of S2; (2) Any complete surface with non-zero CAMC and whose Gaussian curvature does not change sign is either a CAMC cylinder or the Wulff shape, up to a homothety of R3; and (3) if the Wulff shape W of the anisotropic functional is invariant with respect to three linearly independent reflections in R3, then any properly embedded surface of non-zero CAMC, finite topology and at most one end is homothetic to W.MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 PID2020-118137GB-I00, CEX2020- 001105-MCARMFundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia 21937/PI/22, 88881.133043/2016-01Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES

Parameterized optimized effective potential for atoms

The optimized effective potential equations for atoms have been solved by parameterizing the potential. The expansion is tailored to fulfill the known asymptotic behavior of the effective potential at both short and long distances. Both single configuration and multi configuration trial wave functions are implemented. Applications to several atomic systems are presented improving previous works. The results here obtained are very close to those calculated in either the Hartree-Fock and the multi configurational Hartree-Fock framework.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Feeding habits of Cardinalfish Epigonus crassicaudus, using stomach contents and stable isotopes

Indexación: Scopus.El besugo, Epigonus crassicaudus, es una especie de importancia económica para la actividad pesquera que opera en el centro-sur de Chile. A pesar de ello, poco es lo que se conoce respecto a su biología. En este sentido, este trabajo estudió los hábitos alimentarios combinando análisis estomacales y de estabilidad isotópica. Los resultados del análisis dan cuenta de la importancia de los peces mesopelágicos (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) en la dieta con un aporte del 80%, seguido por crustáceos (Sergestes arcticus) alcanzando un 10%. No se detectaron diferencias en la dieta en peces con distinto grado de madurez sexual. En tanto, los valores de los isótopos de nitrógeno y carbono mostraron valores de promedio de 17,12 ± 1,1 δ15N y de -17,51 ± 0,7 δ13C, respectivamente. La constitución de valores de δ13C fue proporcional al tamaño corporal de los besugos: individuos de mayor tamaño habitan en ambientes más demersales que ejemplares de menor tamaño. De acuerdo a estos resultados, el besugo se sitúa como consumidor secundario.https://revistas.uv.cl/index.php/rbmo/article/view/125

The automotive sector in Spain. Influence of R&D investment on the improvement of total factor productivity

Obecne zglobalizowane środowisko zostało poprzedzone ogólnym wzrostem rozpowszechnienia i wykorzystania technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych (ICT), jak również dużymi inwestycjami przedsiębiorstw w badania i rozwój (R&D). Okoliczność ta sprawia, że korzystanie z tych technologii ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla sektora motoryzacyjnego i gwarantuje rosnącą konkurencyjność międzynarodową. W związku z tym właściwe wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych zapewnia poprawę wydajności, a tym samym konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw. W artykule przeanalizowano ewolucję całkowitej produktywności czynników produkcji (TFP) w hiszpańskim sektorze motoryzacyjnym w roku 2017, w celu określenia wpływu tej zmiennej na poprawę całkowitej produktywności czynników produkcji.The current globalised environment has been preceded by a generalised increase in the diffusion and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as well as by a large investment in Research and Development (R&D) by companies. This circumstance makes the use of these technologies fundamental for the automotive sector to face with guarantees the growing international competitivity. Thus, the correct use of ICT provides an improvement in productivity, and therefore in the competitiveness of enterprises. This article analyses the evolution of total factor productivity (TFP) in the Spanish automotive sector for the year 2017, in order to determine the influence this variable has on the improvement of total factor productivity

High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of unusual amino acid derivatives with axial chirality on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases

The successfulenantioseparationofaxiallychiralaminoacidderivativescontainingacyclohexylidene moiety onan an alyticalandsemipreparativescalewasachievedforthefirsttimebyHPLCusing polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. Racemicmethyl N-benzoylamino esters,easilyobtained by methanoly sisof the corresponding 5(4H)-oxazolones, were subject edtochiralHPLCresolutionusing chiral stationaryphasesbasedonimmobilized3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamatederivativesofamylose (Chiralpak® IA column)orcellulose(Chiralpak® IB column). The behaviour of both selectors under dif-ferent elution conditions was evaluated and compared. The amy los ecolumns howed better performance than the cellulose column for allenantiomers tested. These mi preparative resolution of axially chiral amino acidderivatives with different side chains has been achievedona 250mm×20mmIDChiralpak® IA columnusingtheappropriatemixtureof n-hexane/chlorofom/ethanol aseluent by successive injec-tions of asolution of the sample in chloroform. Using this protocol up to 120 m go feachenan tiomer of the correspondingaxiallychiralaminoacidderivativewereobtainedfrom300mgofracemate.[(Sa)-2a, 105 mg;(Ra)-2a, 60mg,[(Sa)-2b, 105mg;(Ra)-2b, 90mg,[(Sa)-2c, 120mg;(Ra)-2c, 100mg]

Principal Criteria for Evaluating the Quality, Safety and E cacy of hMSC-Based Products in Clinical Practice: Current Approaches and Challenges

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) play an important role as new therapeutic alternatives in advanced therapies and regenerative medicine thanks to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, and ability to migrate to the exact area of injury. These properties have made hMSCs one of the more promising cellular active substances at present, particularly in terms of the development of new and innovative hMSC-based products. Currently, numerous clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the therapeutic activity of hMSC-based products on specific targets. Given the rapidly growing number of hMSC clinical trials in recent years and the complexity of these products due to their cellular component characteristics and medicinal product status, there is a greater need to define more stringent, specific, and harmonized requirements to characterize the quality of the hMSCs and enhance the analysis of their safety and efficacy in final products to be administered to patients. These requirements should be implemented throughout the manufacturing process to guarantee the function and integrity of hMSCs and to ensure that the hMSC-based final product consistently meets its specifications across batches. This paper describes the principal phases involved in the design of the manufacturing process and updates the specific technical requirements needed to address the appropriate clinical use of hMSC-based products. The challenges and limitations to evaluating the safety, efficacy, and quality of hMSCs have been also reviewed and discussed.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Plan Estatal I+D+I, Grant Number: RTI2018-095410-B-100; Spanish Ministry of Economy (MINECO), Grant Number: RD16/0011/0030; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (to JAG) and by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FEDER funds, project RTC-2016-5451-1) (to BC and PG-M). Additional it has been developed in the context of AdvanceCat with the support of ACCIÓ (Catalonia Trade & Investment; Generalitat de Catalunya) under the Catalonian European Regional Development Fund operational program, 2014-2020 (to PG-M)